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🐍 Задача уровня Pro: декоратор с внутренним состоянием

📌 Задача:
Напиши декоратор call_limiter, который:

- ограничивает функцию f максимум до n вызовов
- после n вызова функция больше не вызывается, а возвращает строку "LIMIT REACHED"

Пример использования:


@call_limiter(3)
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Alice")) # Hello, Alice!
print(greet("Bob")) # Hello, Bob!
print(greet("Charlie"))# Hello, Charlie!
print(greet("Dave")) # LIMIT REACHED


🎯 Подвохи:
- Нужно создать декоратор-фабрику с аргументом n
- Внутри должна быть функция с nonlocal, чтобы отслеживать число вызовов
- Часто путаются и используют mutable default, что ломает независимость между декорируемыми функциями

Решение:

```python
def call_limiter(n):
def decorator(func):
count = 0
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
nonlocal count
if count >= n:
return "LIMIT REACHED"
count += 1
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
return decorator
```

🧪 **Проверка:**

```python
@call_limiter(2)
def ping():
return "pong"

print(ping()) # pong
print(ping()) # pong
print(ping()) # LIMIT REACHED

@call_limiter(1)
def echo(msg):
return msg

print(echo("hi")) # hi
print(echo("bye")) # LIMIT REACHED
```

🧠 **Что проверяет задача:**

• Понимание функций высшего порядка
• Работа с `nonlocal` и областью видимости
• Контроль состояния внутри декоратора
• Умение не "засорить" глобальные или общие области





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🐍 Задача уровня Pro: декоратор с внутренним состоянием

📌 Задача:
Напиши декоратор call_limiter, который:

- ограничивает функцию f максимум до n вызовов
- после n вызова функция больше не вызывается, а возвращает строку "LIMIT REACHED"

Пример использования:


@call_limiter(3)
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Alice")) # Hello, Alice!
print(greet("Bob")) # Hello, Bob!
print(greet("Charlie"))# Hello, Charlie!
print(greet("Dave")) # LIMIT REACHED


🎯 Подвохи:
- Нужно создать декоратор-фабрику с аргументом n
- Внутри должна быть функция с nonlocal, чтобы отслеживать число вызовов
- Часто путаются и используют mutable default, что ломает независимость между декорируемыми функциями

Решение:

```python
def call_limiter(n):
def decorator(func):
count = 0
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
nonlocal count
if count >= n:
return "LIMIT REACHED"
count += 1
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
return decorator
```

🧪 **Проверка:**

```python
@call_limiter(2)
def ping():
return "pong"

print(ping()) # pong
print(ping()) # pong
print(ping()) # LIMIT REACHED

@call_limiter(1)
def echo(msg):
return msg

print(echo("hi")) # hi
print(echo("bye")) # LIMIT REACHED
```

🧠 **Что проверяет задача:**

• Понимание функций высшего порядка
• Работа с `nonlocal` и областью видимости
• Контроль состояния внутри декоратора
• Умение не "засорить" глобальные или общие области





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